Sociological Concepts Of Identity And Globalization

Suggested by Van Kreiken, sociology helps researchers ‘understand the world around them, especially how it is changing. (Kreiken 2011, p2) thus it is only natural that sociologists are intrigued at how relationships operate and their evolution over the past century. This essay will endeavor to critically examine the sociological concepts of identity and globalization, and the manner in which they have swayed the aspect of human relationships in Australian society, over the course of history. My Japanese grandparents’ generation, which will be referred to as ‘Generation X’, will also be considered by analyzing the differences in regards to this issue with my generation, ‘The Millennial’s’. The notion of identity is an enduring subject that sociologists have been analyzing for a period of time. Richard Jenkins connotes that ‘identity is our understanding of who we are and of who other people are, and, reciprocally, other people’s understanding of themselves and of others’ (Jenkins 2004, p5) Our identity dictates the manner in which humans interact with one another and by doing so, people create relationships with one another. Thus, human relationships are molded by two, or more, individual identities uniting. There are various ways one can be identified, such as race, religion or sexuality. These terms, or labels, can determine how society interprets an individual and influence their behavior towards the one person, thus their relationship with one another. For example, theShow MoreRelatedContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words   |  7 Pagesvariations, is usually split into four forms of the political theory: commercial, republican, sociological and liberal instituitonism. Commercial liberalism promotes free trade and capitalist ideals as the way to worldwide peace and prosperity. Sociological liberalism often promotes the idea of community and interdependence between states. Sociological Liberalist usually are advocates for globalization, especially when it deals with the betterment of popular culture and civil society. Neo-liberalRead MoreHybridity As The Cultural Effect Of Globalization- Introduction1563 Words   |  7 PagesHybridity as the cultural effect of globalization- Introduction According to Avtar Brah and Annie Coombes, the term hybridity originated as a biological term that was used to describe the outcome of a crossing of two or more plants or species. It is now a term that is used for a wide range of social and cultural phenomena involving mixing, and has become a key concept within cultural criticism and post-colonial theory (A. Brah and A.E. Coombes. 2000.). Marwan Kraidy defines the term as theRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, it will be considered how the concept of self-identityRead MoreThe Importance Of Globalization850 Words   |  4 Pagestaking this course, I was curious about the movement of cultural aspects throughout the world. Globalization is more complex than just the spreading of culture but is the idea of global evolution and growth in a positive direction while highlighting and addressing global issues. Globalization is often defined as the expansion of interactions of people through the flow of ideas, culture, and wealth. Globalization influences global, regional, and national policy as well as democracy, education, and humanRead MorePsci 140 Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesPSCI 140 Democracies around the World Final Exam Study Guide Instructor: Satoshi Machida Part I: Words Identification (Content of Important Articles) (40 points) 1. You have to be prepared so that you can explain the following words and concepts. * Authoritarian states ---A small group of individuals exercise power Government is not constitutionally responsible to the state Public—little role in leadership selection Individual freedom is restricted May be institutionalized andRead MoreThe Image Of Parenting889 Words   |  4 Pagespatriarchs and stern moral teachers, 20th century fathers have been relatively uninvolved in the daily routines of family life (Coltrane, 1996). Most western cultures has been remarkably brought changes in gender role by modernization and globalization. Globalization at its peak is tied with media and film is a vital media technology endowed with ample efficacy through which much propaganda-for good or bad–is sold out to the people (Wusu, Isiugo-Abanihe, 2006). This is because almost everyone can understandRead MoreUnderstanding the Globalization Phenomenon1492 Words   |  6 Pageshave embraced the full extent of globalisation, and others are more closed off? Is it possible for cultures to maintain their traditional identities despite the influx of foreign influence? This essay attempts to explain the nature of globalisation through the discussion of various sociological concepts and perspec tives that underpin the phenomenon. These key concepts and perspectives allow for globalisation to be understood in a more distinct and thorough way, as globalisation has moulded a global villageRead More A Cultural Problem, an Economic Crisis1099 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture. Before any efforts can be made towards a cultural shift however, we must first understand, at least briefly, the current socio-political ideas that are creating such issues in the modern western market. As Kotz and McDonough put it, â€Å"the concept of ‘global neo-liberalism’ best captures the contemporary social reality.† This ‘new social reality’ was, as they put it, a return to older liberalism, and a retreat from the more government-controlled, Keynesian style of the post-war years. WithRead MoreThe Sociology Of Health And Illness1292 Words   |  6 Pagesanatomy conception of the body has remained unchallenged. A single unified sociological perspective concerning the nature of social reality does not exist. In this respect sociology is no different to any other academic discipline, for all embrace competing perspectives or paradigms - this is how subject knowledge is advanced. The major long-standing epistemological divide that exists within sociological theory is that between those sociologists who argue that society canRead MoreWho Am I? By Ian Burkitt Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesIan Burkitt presents his perspective on what affects our self-identities in his book Social Selves. Burkitt delves into the history of sociology and the thoughts not just of early sociologist like Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, but he also brings in ancient Philosophers such as Descartes and Aurelius to emphasize the narratives of self that began long ago. To begin to fully understand what Burkitt was trying to get across in his book one must know the first question he asked, â€Å"Who am I?† This is not

The Importance Of A Healthy Development For Children s...

1. Introduction Toddlerhood is an important stage in a child’s life for the development of skills needed throughout their lifetime. That is why it is very important to promote a healthy development for each of the development areas. This report presents information on toddlers and how they develop in each of the different development domains, cognitive, physical, language and social-emotional. It looks at the theories created by Jean Piaget, Arnold Gesell, Noam Chomsky and Erik Erikson to help support the different developments. Lastly, provides strategies that early childhood teachers can use to help support a child’s development. 2. Cognitive Development By the time a child becomes a toddler, they already have an understanding of the world around them. During this time their cognitive development is continuing to grow and become more pronounced. They become aware of cause and effect, and start associating objects with their function. Toddlers are still continuing with physical activities and exploring, they are beginning to enjoy solving simple thinking problems (Gonzalez-Mena, 2010). It also gives toddlers the ability to learn new skills and build on their understanding of events which are occurring in the environment around them. Teaching them to solve their own problems and helps improve on their long term memory. 2.1 Piaget’s Theory on Cognitive Development One of the theories for cognitive development was developed by phycologist Jean Piaget. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Quality Care For Children s Healthy Development And Learning826 Words   |  4 Pages1. As you have been learning, quality care is crucial to promoting healthy development. Using at least three examples from the â€Å"Introduction† media segment, explain how relationships and interactions provide the cornerstone of quality care and why quality care during these early years must be a priority. 2. According to Gonzalez-Mena and Widmeyer Eyer, a â€Å" respectful and responsive curriculum is based on relationships that occur within planned and unplanned activities, experiences, and happenings†Read MoreThe Importance of Physical Activity Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe teaching profession plays a fundamental role in educating children. Some of which include physical activity Teachers engage in many roles in student’s learning, some of which are more challenging and important than others and all which contribute to a child’s development. The process of childhood development is dynamic, recognised by various fields including the influential society, inherited characteristics through genetics, and the psychological behaviour of the child. These fields all playRead MoreEssay on Preventing Childhood Obesity in Australia1427 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"During the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has risen greatly worldwide. Obesity in childhood causes a wide range of serious complications, and increases the risk of premature illness and death later in life, raising public-health concerns.† (Ebbeling, Pawlak Ludwig, 2002 p.471) Currently in the Australian community and schools there is an obesity epidemic in young people with many children doing less and less physical activity then advised. â€Å"In 2007-08 the NationalRead MorePhysical Exercise and Cognitive Functioning in Children1691 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical exercise will help the healthy cognitive development in children and adolescence and this paper will illustrate that the same facts are true for children and adolescence, and will stress the importance of exercise for children optimal brain development and growth. The current studies show that physical activity has a positive effect on attention, neuroplasticity and intellectual de velopment in children and adolescence. The studies also seem to show the importance of physical activity like PERead MoreEssay on How Play influences Development 1002 Words   |  5 Pagesvillage houses! The princess will need to save the day! This is just one way children pretend and play. In this little fantasy simple items transform into towers, houses, and dragons. Play is a vital part of development and early learning. Play influence cognitive, social, emotional development as well as with self-regulation, motivation, and decentration. Play is natural and instinctive activity that helps children develop in all areas. There are different types of play. Dramatic and SociodramaticRead MoreThe Factors That Push Some Parents Abuse Their Children1078 Words   |  5 Pageshome environment and to increase the family’s ability to problem solve and assume he role of advocate for themselves and their children (Healthy Families Niagara). I assisted in building trusting relationships in the family unit. I assisted the family in establishing goals and a plan for accomplishment of those goals, as well as the assessment of normal growth and development of the child. I was responsible for initiating and maintaining regular long-term contact/support with families. I interviewedRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 Pagesof the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioral systems necessary for the evolution and survival of humans. Mary Ainsworth, psychologist, who made a big impact on Bowlby s attachment theory. She had definitely modified and improved this theory by providing most famous research â€Å"strange situation† which explained the individual differences of newborns in attachment. Ainsworth describes of the patterns of secure and insecureRead MoreFactors that Promote Rapid Language Learning in Children?1406 Words   |  6 PagesSavage-Rumbaugh, Sevcik, Hopkins, 1988), but language acquisition is a mystery of human beings, it starts before a child is born (DeCasper Spence, 1986). Until today, no artificial intelligence has been created which can learn a language. Healthy newborn children acquire seemingly effortlessly and rapi dly the language of any part of the world, independently from the parents native language. In the last decades various theories have emerged which try to explain the language learning process fromRead MoreImproving Sports At School Time1566 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial emphasis on learning math and natural science for their children than paying attention to the importance of physical education. Even public schools do not allocate enough time for kids to practice sports as much as they do for class-based education. In fact, physical activity for children is not only about pleasure time. Rather, it helps grown-up children to extend their capacity to grasp concepts explained in their classes. Children who are active while doing physical activity are expected toRead MoreThe Nutrition Teaching Strategies For Grade Three1244 Words   |  5 Pagesassignment focused on grade three children (who are seven to eight years old). The importance of teaching nutrition was evident through obse rving the children s daily eating patterns. According to the grade three health curriculum, Canadian Food Guide has already been introduced to the children. Therefore, my teaching primarily focused on reviewing the Canadian Food guide as well as providing a thorough explanation about the four different food groups. Assessment The children in the ages of seven and eight

Death of the Moth Essay free essay sample

In the essay by Virginia Woolf the reader is led to see how Woolf feels about the life of an insignificant day moth. Through most of the essay, there are reasons to believe that Woolf is led to a sort of vendetta against the day moth, exhibiting hatred, jealously, enjoyment, an almost sarcastic sympathy over the struggles of the day moth, and being responsible for its death. As Woolf’s essay begins, the reader immediately picks up on Woolf’s feelings of hatred against the day moth. The second paragraph has Woolf thinking, â€Å"Watching him, it seemed as if a fiber, very thin but pure, of enormous energy of the world had been thrust into his frail and diminutive body† (Woolf 602), by that thought process it seems as if Woolf wants his efforts to be in vain. As the quote says, she just sat there watching the poor day moth struggle against the window, trying to escape. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of the Moth Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She could have just as easily opened the window to let the day moth free: however as I suggested, she hates the moth for even attempting something she could not, escaping into the free world. When the day moth started to slow down his efforts due to exhaustion, Woolf becomes satisfied and thrilled at the thought that the moth cannot succeed at its goal to leave, because she knows that if it did it would be free, unlike her. Misery loves company, and I believe even though it’s not another human who feels this pain but a moth instead, it feels just as satisfying to her. Suggesting from the passage, â€Å"I watched these futile attempts for a time without thinking† (Woolf 602), Woolf seems to have a desire to watch the day moth only when it tries to escape in vain, which makes the reader think why she would be so cold, with the answer being simply being gratification. Seeing the puny moth fail repeatedly made her feel good and secure, knowing she wasn’t alone in her â€Å"prison†. Finally the moth started to show the signs of death. That made Woolf seem kind, showing what seemed like sympathy. When she â€Å"stretched out a pencil, meaning to help him right himself† (Woolf 602), but she really only attempted to help the day moth so she could watch him fail at his attempts to escape, so she could feel more of the satisfaction of watching him fail at a plan that she could not even attempt to do. She wanted to go outside as much as the moth, but she knew it was inappropriate to try. The pencil she held symbolized sympathy but her thought process was the opposite. As death finally came the day moth grew stiff. It hit Woolf that â€Å"the struggle was over† (Woolf 602) and that her hatred was slightly unjustified. She felt that her â€Å"sympathies, of course, were all on the side of life† (Woolf 602), but it’s hard to believe after an entire essay full of hatred towards the moth. If she really felt that way, she may have helped the poor day moth escape into the world, open the window or catch it and bring it outside. There were so many ways she could have helped the day moth, and one could say that she was the reason for the day moth’s death to begin with as it did state in the essay that it flew from one corner to the next, possibly hitting the sides, also stating that its body was frail, so landing himself on the windowsill must have been a damaging feat for the poor day moth. All the examples I provided from the essay suggests the Woolf had a vendetta against this day moth, and in the end was happy that it failed. She took it a step further by not attempting to help the poor struggling day moth, in the end killing it with a seemingly non-guilty conscience. But no one should, as it was only a day moth, â€Å"hybrid creatures, neither gay like butterflies nor somber like their own species.

Nutrition And You Essays - Nutrition, Vitamin, Human Nutrition

Nutrition and You Nutrition is the relationship of foods to the health of the human body . Proper nutrition means that you are receiving enough foods and supplements for the body to function at optimal capacity. It is important to remember that no single nutrient or activity can maintain optimal health and well being, although it has been proven that some nutrients are more important than others. All of the nutrients are necessary in different amounts along with exercise to maintain proper health. There are six main types of nutrients used to maintain body health. They are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water . They all must be in balance for the body to function properly. There are also five major food groups. The groups are: fats and oils, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, grains, and meats. Exercise is also an important part of nutrition. Exercise helps tone and maintain muscle tissue and ensure that the body's organs stay in good condition. Healthy eating without exercise will not result in good nutrition and a healthy body - neither will exercise without nutrition. The most important thing about exercise is that it be practiced regularly and that it be practiced in accompaniment with a healthy diet. It is also desirable to practice more that one sport as different sports exercise different areas of the body. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the sources of energy for the body. The contained energy is expressed in calories. There are 9 calories per gram in fat and there are about 4 calories per gram in proteins and carbohydrates . Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body. This energy is mostly used for muscle movement and digestion of food. Some sources of carbohydrates are : grains, fruits, vegetables, and anything else that grows out of the ground. The energy in carbohydrates is almost instantly digested. This results in a quick rise in blood sugar which is soon followed by a drop in blood sugar which is interpreted by the body as a craving for more sugars. This sugar low may also result in fatigue, dizziness, nervousness, and headache. However, not all carbohydrates do this. Most fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains are digested more slowly. Fats, which are lipids, are the source of energy that is the most concentrated. Fats produce more that twice the amount of energy that is in carbohydrates or proteins. Besides having a high concentration of energy, fat acts as a carrier for the fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K. Also, by helping in the absorption of vitamin D, fats help make calcium available to various body tissues, in particular, the bones and teeth. Another function of fat is to convert carotene to vitamin A. Fat also helps keep organs in place by surrounding them in a layer of fat. Fat also surrounds the body in a layer that preserves body temperature and keeps us warm. One other function of fat is to slow the production of hydrochloric acid thereby slowing down digestion and making food last longer. Some sources of fats are meats and nuts as well as just plain oils and fats. Proteins, besides water, are the most plentiful substance in the body. Protein is also one of the most important element for the health of the body. Protein is the major source of building material in the body and is important in the development and growth of all body tissues. Protein is also needed for the formation of all hormones. It also helps regulate the body's water balance. When proteins are digested they are broken down into simpler sections called amino acids. However, not all proteins will contain all the necessary amino acids. Most meat and dairy products contain all necessary amino acids in their proteins. Proteins are available from both plants and animals. However, Animal proteins are more complete and thus desirable. Knowledge of the nutrients and their function is essential to understanding the importance of good nutrition. As mentioned above, there are six nutrients. All vitamins are organic food substances that are found only in living things, plants and animals . It is believed that there are about twenty substances that are active as vitamins in human nutrition . Every vitamin is essential to the proper growth and development of the body. With a few exceptions, the body cannot make vitamins and must be supplied with them. Vitamins contain no energy but are important as enzymes which help speed up nearly all metabolic functions. Also, vitamins are not building components of body

Range of Champagne

Building a strong customer relation with a product requires competent personnel to enable it thrive in the present dynamic and competitive business settings. For continuous and sustainable brand success, specialists should carefully select and position the products to the target market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Range of Champagne specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Champagne house has many skilled brand managers; they took different approaches and attempted several alternatives to position different brands of Champagne to their present status (Hirche 2012). Proper management of Champagne brands has increased the level at which customers identify themselves with the products. The strong brands have added significant values to Champagne products, as it is in the minds of consumers, thus most customers associate themselves with the brand. Dom Perignon brand makes Moet Chandon Wineries Company to generate mo re value than other Champagnes that lacks such strong brands. Conducting a well-organized advertisement for a product or service alters market perceptions. Advertisement of Champagne brands helped in formation of mental images in the minds of consumers. This has made it easy for the company to sell its common brands, such as Krug and Dom Perignon with ease, as there is little competition. Competition has been minimal in the sense that customers have developed strong taste and preference for the Champagne brands (Hirche 2012). In keeping with market dynamism, Champagne brands find there way into key functions like parties, football celebrations, and other significant functions. With such strong connections, consumers believe that Champagne brands are superior to generic wines. Dom Perigon, for instance, is an expensive brand that continues to dominate the wine market given the strong emotional association that it has with consumers. Therefore, consumers can pay premium rates to purch ase this brand, instead of acquiring cheap sparkling wines. This strong brand connection has enabled Moet Chandon Wineries Company to develop positive brand equity with consumers. Notably, the brand loyalty has taken a sustainable approach; it is reflected on the financial growth of the company. The strong brand connection that the firm enjoys from some of its brands indicates the difference that emanates from advertising different brands. It is nearly impossible for all brands to receive same market response. However, a single brand can influence the sales of other brands of the same company, as consumers do not only form strong connections with the brand, but also with the company (Brand Equity n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Product equity helps companies in value generation from three fronts. It is the emotional and intellectual attachments or associations that consumers have with a given product or service. For instance, customers can willingly pay more for a bottle of Krug or Bollinger to a bottle of generic Champagne, such as Mumm or Perrier Jouet (Brand Equity n.d.). This occurs in spite the lack justifiable difference in the tastes of the two brands to support the reason for the high premium. Advertisements build strong images in the minds of customers, such that they move from the awareness stage to sustainable loyalty with the brand. Adverts persuade consumers to prefer a given product to that of the competitors. It also reminds and reassures consumers of the acceptability of the product offering. After influencing consumers to choose a certain product over others, it becomes a brand name. Dom Perignon, Krug, and Bollinger are key brands that control the market share and sales of the manufacturing company; they influence the overall business outcomes. The road to brand loyalty begins with the Advert committees creating brand awareness among consumers. Then, there is the brand trial stage; here, consumers try to use the brand, and then develop preferences. At brand preference stage, emotional and intellectual associations arise, as consumers make repetitious purchases. Lastly, brand loyalty occurs. At this stage, consumers demand the brand and can pay premium rates to acquire it. With high loyalty comes strong attachment with the brand, such that consumers cannot substitute the brand for any other wine (Sutherland Sylvester 2000). According to Goode (2012), Champagne occupies an elevated space in the wine industry, and this has been due to massive advertisements that Grand Marques has carried out. The hard work has built brand equity for Champagne products, such that there is a guarantee in price elevation for any bottle of wine having the Champagne name. Even though there are expensive Champagne brands, the presence of inexpensive brands erode the brand equity. Product advertisement differs from one brand to another. For example, Dom Perignon brand has higher prestige level than Veuve Clicquot judging from the way consumers seek them. Bollinger brand trends more than the Taittinger brand. In a competitive and dynamic market, a product’s image is everything. Multiple campaigns by Moet Chandon Wineries Company have seen Krug and Dom Perignon top the most consumed list of brands. Advertisements also aim at changing consumers’ beliefs or mindsets on certain products or services. This increases the market segment resulting in development of a larger market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Range of Champagne specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Champagne brands are distributed to specific locations, associated with right personalities, and events. In addition, Moet Chandon Wineries Company has been using brand adverts to distinguish their products from those of the competitors (Chamberlin 1918). This has made it easy f or consumers to differentiate their products from others. Massive investment is required in order to build a prestige brand, and for Champagne, such investment is not a significant problem. For sustainable loyalty among consumers, the investment has to remove the pressure to sell that could lead to negative decisions from consumers in future. Advertisement is a major tool that alters consumers’ negative perceptions, and instils the brand image in their minds. With the image of Champagne brands in the minds of consumers, there is a barrier to entry of new products and reduction in competition from similar products. The move blocks new competitors from establishing their presence in the wine market, as consumers can forego buying wine if the brand is not available. Advertising has been a great weapon for the development of strong images of the Champagne brands. Champagne products remain unrivalled in the market even with other brands trending at high prices. Consumers put more value on Champagne than other beverages. A comparison of the sales of Roederer, Laurent-Perrier, and Veuve Clcquot reveal different market perceptions (Goode 2012). The knowledge consumers have about the named brands are different resulting in different brand equity measurements. Product equity is also comprehended from the point of tangible financial assets that a firm owns. This entails the strategic positioning and planning that a company has put in place to ensure successful transfer of products to consumers. The move to distinguish different brands of Champagne made the Wine firm to register positive market response, but at different levels. The images below show some of the major Champagne brands that are trending in the wine market. References Brand Equity n.d., UK Essays: Marketing. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chamberlin, H. H 1918, Champagne Song: or The Wine of Victory, Taylor Francis, Paris. Goode, J 2012, How to Manage a Champagne Brand, Some Thoughts, The Wine Anorack. Web. Hirche, M 2012, Brand Equity – the Case of Champ†¦ What?, Martins Winelust. Web. Sutherland, M., Sylvester, A. K 2000, Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer: What works, What Doesn’t, and Why (2nd ed.), Allen Unwin, St. Leonards, NSW. This essay on Range of Champagne was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Hockey Sweater Essay Essay Example

The Hockey Sweater Essay Essay Example The Hockey Sweater Essay Paper The Hockey Sweater Essay Paper The Quebec Vexation The French speaking people of Quebec lived under heavy oppression in the 1950s and 60s. Many francophone people looking for work in Quebec cities were refused because of their French background. In areas such as Montreal, the francophone people were earning up to 50 percent less than their English speaking peers. There was a clear distinction between the quality of life for the English and the quality of life for the French. It was because of this distinction that the people of Quebec often resented the English and their ways of life. And it is from this resentment, the story The Hockey Sweater was written. The Hockey Sweater is a story told from the perspective of a young boy living in a small town in Quebec. He, like all the kids his age loved hockey, especially the Montreal Canadiens. He is so deeply loyal to his French heritage that he hates the Toronto Maple Leafs and anything about them for the sole reason that they are not French. Roch Carrier’s The Hockey Sweater is an allegory underlining the tensions found between Francophone and Anglophone Canadians. These tensions stem from Quebec’s economic reliance on the English, Quebec’s desire to maintain their culture and traditions, and the frustration demonstrated by Quebecers with regards to the language of Canada. The book The Hockey Sweater as well as the French economy in the 50s and 60s demonstrated a certain economic reliance on the English. In The Hockey Sweater, when the main character Roch needs a new sweater, his mother decides to order it from the Eaton’s catalogue. Now with Mr. Eaton being English, he sends a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey instead, greatly upsetting Roch. Roch’s mother then refuses to send it back because she is afraid to offend Mr. Eaton. Quebec’s culture in the 1950’s and 60’s was very similar to this. When Quebec’s working class went out to find jobs, they found that many major Quebec companies were run by English speaking businessmen. By extension, this also meant that these businesses would favour those who could speak English. Even the French people who were able to find jobs found that what they earned was meagre compared to the English workers. Political activist Felix Leclerc described this phenomenon, writing, Our people are the water boys of their own country. Nevertheless, they were forced to deal with it because they simply had no other choice. Where were they going to work if not for the English speaking bureaucrats? Finding a job in other English speaking cities was even more difficult because being a distinct minority they were easy to manipulate to conform to the company’s needs. This led to frustration amongst the Quebecois, being unable to find a job in their own French speaking cities because they were French. The hockey sweater Roch was forced to accept is just like the jobs many Quebecers were forced to accept in that if they didn’t, they had no other place to go. Quebec, since its inception into Canada, has developed a culture greatly different from any other province. Over the years, a key part of this French way of life has been preserving their distinct culture and traditions. Quebec, with their completely different language and a more traditional religious denomination, has established themselves as a distinct society within the nation of Canada. The short story The Hockey Sweater has this theme of loyalty to the French traditions. The first page of The Hockey Sweater contains the line We lived in three places – the school, the church and the skating-rink – but our real life was on the skating-rink. The choice of the hockey rink as a center of life puts the setting of the story deep in Canadian culture. Throughout the story, the author, Roch Carrier, uses the Montreal Canadiens as a metaphor for the French and the Toronto Maple Leafs as a metaphor for the English. It is of the main character’s belief that the Montreal Canadiens, or in this case the French, are superior to his English speaking brethren. Stemming from this superiority complex comes the frustration of the French that they to live and work under the laws and policies that the English impose upon them. The Quebecois found that their cultures were too different to be placed on equal footing with the other provinces. This frustration with the other provinces eventually led to The Quiet Revolution and an attempt to separate from the rest of Canada. Up until the end of the 1960s, the French people of Quebec could be seen living as second-rate citizens in Canada. It wasn’t until 1969, that the Official Languages Act was passed by Pierre Elliot Trudeau giving both the English and French languages equal representation in Canadian parliament. Up until then, most documents written by the Canadian government and its affiliates were solely in English and did not recognize French as an official language. In The Hockey Sweater, the character of Mr. Eaton can be equated to the role of the Canadian government. The order forms provided in the Eaton’s catalogue were completely in English even though they were being shipped to a small French town in Quebec. This could be seen as the English speaking people of Canada imposing their language and culture upon Quebec in an almost assimilation-like manner. The lack of equality with regards to the French and English language pre- 1969 led to many people of Quebec feeling subservient to the rest of Canada. The language issue played a vital role in the story of The Hockey Sweater which led to great turmoil just as it did with Quebec’s culture during the 1950s and 60s. Quebec culture in the mid- 20th century was very different from any other province. Sporting a different language, find equality with the rest of Canada was often a struggle for the Quebecois. English run companies in Quebec had a tendency to take advantage of the French, using their language against them. Also, with having a unique society, it was always a challenge for the people of Quebec to follow â€Å"La survivance† and preserve their language and traditions. It is also of note that during the 50s and 60s, the French language had not been recognized as an official language of Canada with English residing as the language spoken by the majority of Canada. All of these things combined left a bitter taste in the mouths of the French. Roch Carrier’s The Hockey Sweater is a perfect metaphor for this, mirroring the struggles of an entire province in the tribulations of a young boy. The English or in this case the Toronto Maple Leafs had no place in Quebec and was shunned by the people of Quebec. The anti-Anglophone sentiments found in late 20th century Quebec can be witnessed as early as 1946 as in when The Hockey Sweater takes place which leaves the age old question; should Quebec separate from the rest of Canada? Analysis of The Hockey Sweater. Academon. N. p. , 2008. Web. 26 May 2011. Bond, Karen. French as a Minority Language in Bilingual Canada. Karens Linguistics Issues. N. p. , October 2001. Web. 26 May 2011. Canada. Official Languages Act. , 1969. Web. 26 May 2011. Canada. The Quebec Question. † Encyclopaedia Britannica , Web. Claude, Belanger. The Quiet Revolution. Quebec History. Marianopolis College, 23 Newman, Garfield. Canada: a nation unfolding. 1st ed. Toronto, Ontario: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 297. Print. The Quiet Revolution. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 25 May. 2011. Vermette, David. La Survivance and Revolution: The Ideological History of a Remnant. A Franco-American and Quebecois History and Geneal ogy Site. David Gerard Vermette, April 22, 2006. Web. 26 May 2011.

I tried to eat healthy for two weeks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I tried to eat healthy for two weeks - Essay Example Similarly fast food is also composed of such ingredients which can be harmful to the body. In order to lead a healthy life one has to balance his nutritional intake so that he does not consume unhealthy foods. These are the main reasons because of which I tried to eat healthy food for two weeks by cutting down on my diet. In my practice of consuming healthy foods I sought to cut out on the things which I considered unhealthy for my body. To start with I cut out on my daily soda consumption in order to avoid any sort of carbonated drink. I consumed water and tea as an alternative to soda as both of them are comparably healthier in my view than soda. Healthy food was my aim so I had to cut out on my consumption of fast food. I could not achieve this aim if I did not cook at my home so I preferred cooking at home instead of going out which proved to be a successful plan in cutting down my diet of fast food. I preferred salad over other things as it has essential vegetables which are hea lthy for my body.

Argument and further work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument and further work - Essay Example To investigate further this hypothesis, this emerging area of research needs further work, where study of interaction of oxaliplatin with survivin may lead to more insight into this phenomenon (Ngan et al. 2008). Since survivin is an expressed protein, its detection would need specific procedure, and hence the question is whether selection of Western Blot test is an appropriate one for this purpose. In Western Blotting, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is considered to be the standard tool of protein analysis. The survivin analysis involves reaction with an antibody, and from this perspective, sufficient information can be gathered by employing a staining technique employed for the proteins in the gel. From these two angles deployment of Western Blot analysis offers many advantages, which are improved accessibility to these proteins offering ease of handling and the advantage of storing the immobilized proteins for future analysis (Fowler, 1995). There are several instances in experimental literature on survivin expression in response to oxaliplatin that use Western Blot assay. Fujie et al. (2005) has used anti-survivin rabbit polyclonal antibody to detect survivin under-expression in oxaliplatin treated cancer cell lines with commendable success (Fujie et al. 2005). Wilson et al. (2008) also used Western Blot tests to detect markedly reduced expression of survivin in oxaliplatin treated cells (Wilson et al. (2008). Prewett et al. (2007) also demonstrated how Western Blot could be used to demonstrate oxaliplatin suppressed survivin expression (Prewett et al. 2007). The effect of oxaliplatin on the number of the cytosol can be investigated by immunohistochemistry method. In this method, some antibodies against cytosolic proteins have been used. This proposition is based on the idea that is apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin is partly contributed to by Cytochrome C mediated triggers, then the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin can be quantified by

Arguable claim letter Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arguable claim letter - Personal Statement Example The 1986 Crown Victoria sedan that we recently purchased has been giving us problems since the first week. They were reported and we, trusting your advice, tried to remedy the problem ourselves and with a local gentleman that acts as an auto mechanic on a casual basis. Imagine our surprise when a major mechanical failure that is clearly linked to the other problems occurred 32 days after purchase of the vehicle. Our surprise turned to disappointment when we were informed that you would not honor your bumper-to-bumper 30-day warrantee because it had expired two days earlier. The specifics of our complaint are as follows. On June 15th, we purchased the 1986 Crown Victoria sedan for $1200 from Warren Jeffries; the sales associate on duty that day. He assured us that the car was in great working condition. We were informed that it had been purchased at an estate sale and had been garage kept by an elderly gentleman since it was purchased new in 1986. The odometer showed 56,433 miles at the time of purchase. Our test drive confirmed many of the claims made by Mr. Jeffries. The mechanics of the car appeared to be sound. We were most concerned about mechanical systems such as the brakes, transmission and air conditioning. We paid cash and left the dealership pleased with our purchase. On June 21st, while driving to the salon, we noticed that the engine temperature gauge was approaching the red zone. As Quick Change Used Autos was along the route to the salon, we stopped to speak with a mechanic. He discovered that the radiator was nearly empty. The lack of cooling fluid was causing the engine to overheat. As the car was under warrantee, the mechanic, Mr. Skinner, offered us a loaner car and promised to fix the problem immediately. We were able to make our appointment at the salon and were able to retrieve our car immediately after the appointment. Mr. Skinner informed us that he fixed the problem by applying a liquid patch to the inside of the

Body Image Research Paper

Body Image Research Paper Chris Browns Body Image has been a struggle women have been faced with for decades. Recently the fad has changed. Women have been drilled with media and the states of mind that only size zero women are beautiful. With the constant reminder of the skinny fad by models, actresses and other women famous in media women are reinforced of the worlds narrow view of beauty. This desire to be thin has driven many women to do drastic things to their body. There are many shocking statistics showing the amount of women in the world have done something negative to their bodies because they were not happy with them. Body Image has played a huge role in womens lives and has changed through out time, causing women to have low self-esteem, which in some cases develops into eating and health disorders. Through out time societys definition of beauty has changed drastically. In the early 1900s women were praised for having voluptuous bodies; wide hips and large breasts were considered sexy. In 2008 that changed radically adult women were weighing between 90 and 110 pounds; a very unhealthy weight for a full-grown woman. What the worldviews as a beautiful woman is absolutely no body figure, basically the skin and bones look. This thin obsession began as early as the 1800s. In 1840 Doctor Sylvester Graham announced that a diet was the keys of health(Wolchover 2012). Once women started realizing that others were starting to lose weight because of this fad every one else wanted to get in on it. Within the years of 1890 and 1920 womens average body weight went from a voluptuous weight to where fat is pronounced gross by American society. Women have been faced with this issue only in recent years and the struggle to be at peace with their own body has become worse and worse. In previous ag es women did not obsess about every calorie they eat and how much time they spend at the gym. The only mindset they had was to make their family and husbands happy. It all started when dressmakers and seamstresses starting making the average dress size a lot smaller. Women who did not fit into these smaller sizes started to find themselves at less worth and began obsessing over their weight and waistline (Wolchover, 2012). Another factor in the change of womens body figure had to do with the industrial revolution. When dress sizes started becoming standard sizes women became more aware of their size. Starting during the time of the revolution dresses started coming in specific sizes: Small, Medium and Large opposed to dresses coming in number sizes according to the height and width of a womans body. Also America was urbanizing around that time. That meant second-class women had more access to different varieties of food. Slowly this caused the average American to become overweight. In the early 1920s the calorie was discovered. Along with that came the act of counting them as well as fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Soon after this discovery American started doing anything they could to start lose weight and burn calories. Soon after America discovered the act of dieting the weight scale was invented to put the final touches on Americans realizing their body mass. Due to this, in the late 1920s, dieting and counting calories became a daily routine in the lives of Americans (Wolchover, 2012). Another contributing factor to the change in beauty was the famous Twiggy. In her times the requirements in becoming a model were not as ridiculous and degrading as they are now. Twiggy was the ideal British model. She was thin, with gorgeous round eyes, long eyelashes, and most importantly her thin body figure. Twiggy is often the blame of the favoring in extremely thin model and appearances. Due to her naturally tiny frame and her great success as a model models in following generations often admire her. Her body figure set the standards for models to be in order to be successful. Even women who are not models are thriving to have a body like Twiggy. She was definitely an icon and narrowed the worlds view of beauty (Examiner.com). Body Image and self-esteem issues are most common among teenage girls but it has occurred in all ages. The reason teenage girls are the biggest target for these issues is because they are the ones who get most caught up in modern media. Among many teenagers the desire to be model thin has driven them to go to extreme measures to obtain that image. Studies have shown that recent T.V. shows have focused on body figure and have been changing the self-esteem of girls as young as 5 (Hueback, 2006). Girls of this new generation are bombarded with images in media of celebrities and models that have this ridiculously thin figure, they feel they need to be the same to be beautiful and have the Hollywood Shape. Teens now feel like they have to live up to the American standards of what they should look like. Young girls look to these anorexic models and celebrities as role models because they appear to be happy with themselves and girls feel like they need to have the paper-thin look to be happ y as well. Mothers also play a huge part in girls body image hundred percent of girls look to their mom as their role model and too often moms obsess over their weight so their daughters follow in their footsteps. Girls who grow up with brothers and dads who have a preference for thinner women are also victims of this issue. There is an overwhelming percentage of young girls who wear body hugging, midriff baring clothes that are envied by the girls who cant ant those girls are the ones who view themselves as ugly. The ones who wear the tight clothes are the ones who are viewed by the biased society as beautiful. A research in 2010 showed that 59% of girls are unhappy with their bodies. The average size that is desired by the 59% of Americans is 13-19% below healthy weight (Wolf, 2012). Media exposure has made the average young woman put appearance and physical appearance at the center of their mindset. It has made young women have a limited constrain on femininity. In the American m ind thinness is now not only about physical appearance but success, self-control and higher socioeconomic status. Women acquire success through having the body they want because it requires work in the gym and eating right to acquire it. It symbolizes self-control because certain foods that are not healthy and being lazy and skipping the day at the gym is tempting but it shows that they can make it through those temptations to obtain the body the desire. Even young girls are obsessing over every calorie intake they consume and this issue is starting in girls as young as nine. That is one motivation for a good body weight. Low self-esteem among teenage girls has led to early sexual activity, substance abuse, and eating disorders and in some extreme cases suicide. 64% of all teens in America are unhappy with their physical appearance and weight. The average height and weight for an American woman is 54 and 140 pounds and the height and weight for an average model is 511 and 117 pounds . Self-Esteem is how much a person likes them selves and how they recognize and appreciate their individual character, qualities, skills, and accomplishments. Like body image, self-esteem is also base on how other people look at someone as a person. Good self-esteem helps keep a positive outlook on life and appreciate the person they are. Women who are thin are often associated with strong, beautiful, independent, hard-working women and on the other hand women who are not are often associated with lazy, sloppy, weak women. More then usual thats not the case. Some women are too busy to go to they gym everyday. Single moms for example are busy taking care of their kids and keeping them on track to worry about their own weight. In other cases women are content with their own body and dont worry or care about what other people think and that is a perfect example of a strong woman. Often body image is how others think of them as a person not only physically. When girls develop low self-esteem because of their weight and physical appearance, often these occurrences lead to eating and health disorders. This issue can also lead to other problems now common amongst teens, such as pressure into having early sexual activity. One out of every college student will develop an eating disorder before they graduate (Wolf, 2012). In this desperate attempt to be skinny women often drive themselves to depression and helplessness. The thought of dieting and exercising religiously has become a daily part of a womans life. A woman discontent with her body is the lead cause of women developing eating disorders. The main factor of eating disorders sparks from low self-esteem. Which also leads to substance abuse among teens. The factors that lead to teen substance abuse are teens thinking they are not cool enough because they are not as skinny as the popular girls so they think if they drink and abuse drugs they will be able to fit in with the others. Studie s have shown that most of the girls that are diagnosed with eating or health disorders and low self-esteem are the ones who are exposed to media and the images of models and celebrities than opposed to ones who are not. This occurs within teens before college level (Wolchover, 2012). Americans on average spend more then 40 billion dollars a year on dieting and exercise products. In an average lifetime 50,000 people will die because of eating or health disorders based on body images (Wolf, 2012). Many young girls are judged and even bullied about their weight if they dont love up to certain standards. This judgment has lead to serious eating disorders among teens in America now. In some extreme cases it once of the main causes of suicide in American teens. Too often girls are obsessing over the fact to be at peace with their body and young girls even starting at the age of nine are going crazy over losing weight. Girls need to know that no matter what shape or size or color of their skin it does not matter because every single one of them is beautiful. In the bible Ecclesiastes 3:11 God says He has created everything beautiful in its way. No ones word can go against the word of God. Everyone who feels insecure needs to read that verse and realize no matter what anyone says it should not have any affect on them because GOD has made nothing that isnt beautiful and that is literally all that matters. Anyone who is putting up with bullies, anything they say should go in one ear a nd out the other. In recent years it is more common among humans to give criticism in a negative way towards other people. It has become a normal part of American life. Even among friends put-downs are normal conversation but sometimes it goes too far and the person on the other end takes it heart. Some become more offended then intended. For example when a group of girls are friends and one of the girls are bigger then the others in the group that one was insecure. Her insecurity would lead to self-harm in some cases that would cause them to go to extremes to feel like they fit in with their friends. This case has occurred more then it used to (JournalOfHealthPsychology). Another insecurity that body image creates is depression. When girls are unhappy with what they see in the mirror it causes them to beat themselves up. Depressive symtomatology is one of the major affects caused by eating disorders. Girls torture themselves mentally by hating what they see in the mirror and hating themselves for what they see. Even a girl who is a size two will think she looks like a size eight and then wants to lose weight. People who work for big modeling agencies and works of that nature have stated Being a size two is the new size eight (Wolf, 2012). Food restriction has been associated with vulnerability (JournalOfHealthPsychology). Too often girls are often too harsh on themselves. They spend so much time judging themselves then actually going out and trying to change that. So many teenage girls are embarrassed or insecure about their bodies. Too often then not they are the ones beating them selves up for being a size 8 rather then being a size 2. Some of the time teenage girls are their own worst enemy. They put thoughts in their heads that they are not worth anything because their not model thin. Another contributing factor to the body image crisis among American women is caused by the fashion industry (Anthony 2012). Each year during Fashion Week designers exhibit their designs through out a series of fashion shows. Each year the upcoming trends are displayed on skinner models then the years before. The usual waistline for the average American woman used to be a healthy fourteen now it shrunk dramatically to a size four. The ideal body image is presented to girls at a very young age. It can tart by what they choose to watch on television and how the girls look that act in them. Another obsession girls are faced with is always looking perfect. They see models in magazines whose facial features are perfect and they want to look like them. Models that have their faces airbrushed and made to look perfect. A lot of models that appear in magazines and advertisement have their faces and morphed to look a specific way that the director wants them to look. A model for Ralph Lauren was a size four and because of her weight problem and was fired. There is a positive way for women to lose weight. Women think by starving them selves they will reach the weight they want. It is a fact that eating healthy is better for you then not eating anything at all. Eating a donut for breakfast is healthier then not eating anything at all. Eating breakfast is the most important meal because it gets your metabolism going for their day. The most effective way to lose weight is to eat foods that are healthy for you and exercise daily. Women dont always realize that there is a positive way to get rid of un wanted body fat. There are also treatments that speed up the process of losing weight. Women need to realize that starving themselves is not the only way to lose weight and there are other options to get rid of un-wanted body fat (Anthony, 2012). Body image has been womens struggle through out all of history. Most recently the struggle has been more outrageous. Women have been drilled with image of the media that the only way to feel beautiful is too be extremely and unhealthily skinny. The media has put the images in the average womans head by actresses, models, and other celebrities that have the extremely skinny look and appear perfect and happy. The obsession to be skinny has driven women to many drastic things to their bodies. Women have gone to extreme measures to obtain this thin appearance. Only they think beauty is only the Medias narrow opinion of it. Body image has played a huge role in the lives of women through out the years and with time, has changes, also causing women to have low self esteem issues and in some cases obtaining eating and health issues (Anthony 2012). Body image is how girls see themselves and their self worth. Poor body image can lead to an unhealthy life style. Girls even at the young age of five can start facing insecurities about their body. The standards of how society views women as beautiful have changed through out the years. These problems often evolve from people picking on them and being blasted by the media that only woman who are a size two are considered beautiful. These issues cause depression and eating disorders among women and some extreme cases the criticism and self-hatred lead to suicide. The media is mostly to blame for these problems and what they say and portray beauty as. Body image has changed and played a role in womens lives through out history, which has cause women to have low self-esteem, and in some cases leads to eating and health disorders.

Statement Of The Hypotheses Environmental Sciences Essay

States all over the universe are interested in utilizing different types of renewable energy systems in order to run into the turning demand of energy. Indiana State has a broad assortment of renewable energy resources.A Enormous attempts have been spent in the State of Indiana to better the people awareness toward the usage of such resources as air current, solar and biomass.A Solar energy has great possible to profit Indiana occupant. The Sun visible radiation can be converted into electricity by utilizing solar energy systems such as Photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems ( PV systems ) are renewable energy systems that use the Sun as a beginning for bring forthing electric energy. Implementing PV systems can assist Indiana occupant to bring forth their ain electricity without noise or air pollution. These systems can besides diversify energy supply, cut down the sum of imported fuels, better the quality of the air, countervail nursery gas emanations, and make occupations in t he fabrication and installing of solar energy systems. These alone advantages and features made solar systems the ultimate energy beginning for the twenty-first century. The Indiana Office of Energy Development has offered a figure of inducements that help cut down the costs of put ining and implementing PV systems, and do these systems more low-cost for Indiana occupant. A PV system is a significant investing, and as with any investing, adept aid and careful planning will assist people make the correct determinations. However, the determination of purchasing PV systems depends on several different factors. Peoples want to salvage the finite dodo fuel resources and extinguish the air pollution. Others would instead pass their money on an energy-producing betterment to their belongings than to direct their money to a public-service corporation. Some people like to cut down the sum of electricity that they buy from public-service corporation company, because they will non be affected by any hereafter additions for the electricity monetary value. Finally, some people merely do non like paying public-service corporation measures and appreciate the independency that is provided by a PV system.Statement of the ProblemIn order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the counties of Indi ana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Besides, information about monetary values and the size of a typical system should be collected from the professionals and representatives who work in the PV industry.Statement of the Hypotheses and Research QuestionsThe void hypothesis of the survey is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is non effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be more than the expected return of the system. The alternate hypothesis is that the determination of put ining a typical PV system for residential intent at Indiana State is an effectual from the economical point position and the monthly disbursals will be less than the expected return of the system. There are four grounds for the alternate hypothesis: First, the authorities attempts toward developing and put ining renewable energy made the pro cedure of put ining PV system an easy pattern and there are many professionals who are able to put in this engineering in about all the metropoliss around the U.S. Second, the fiscal inducements that are created by the US authorities helped Indiana occupant financially to put in the PV systems. The 3rd point is that the cost of the natural stuff is traveling down because of the advanced engineerings that being used in the renewable energy. The last point is that the high degree of Indiana ‘s occupant ‘s consciousness toward the advantages of the sustainable applications and systems such as the PV system will assist them utilize these systems in proper manner. The consequences of the survey will reply the undermentioned inquiries: What is the perfect size of PV system that is suited for a typical single-family place in Indiana? How much does the standard size of PV system cost? How much electricity will the PV system green goods? How much will the PV system cut down the electricity measure? How long it will take to alter the hard currency flow from negative to positive or how long the householder can wait before the standard size of PV system produce positive hard currency flow? What is the payback period for the standard size of PV system? What is the internal rate of return for the standard size PV system?Statement of the Purpose and NeedThe chief end of the survey is to make consciousness about the economic feasibleness of constructing a residential PV system at the State of Indiana, while sing its public presentation over the life of the system. The consequences of the survey will assist the determination shapers at the State of Indiana and the occupant of Indian buttocks the locations of their metropoliss for possible installing for a solar PV system, gauge the cost of a standard size of PV system, calculate the expected economy, know the payback period, and mensurate the impact of the geographical location of the PV system public presentation. Besides, this survey will be a usher that improves the consciousness for Indiana occupants sing utilizing the solar energy systems. Furthermore, it will assist the determination shapers at Indian State to place the existent demands for developing more effectual schemes and f iscal inducements that help Indiana occupants implement solar systems in their places. The aims of the survey are: To understand the energy ingestion and cost benefits of utilizing a typical PV system. To gauge the profile of the end product power of a typical PV system. To measure the fiscal feasibleness of a typical PV system of the counties those are located in the State of Indiana. To find the factors that should be considered to find the economic final payment of solar including rates, systems public presentation, and inducements. To find countries with high solar potency utilizing the NEREL US section of energy application. To utilize the U.S. section of energy recommendations and methodological analysiss as a usher to develop a theoretical account for constructing a typical PV system. To find the suited size for residential photovoltaic systems for counties of Indiana State. To gauge the environmental benefits of utilizing photovoltaic rural electrification. To find a suited country for constructing a commercial PV system in Indiana.Statement of the PremisesThere are two of import premises for the survey: First, the edifice incorporate photovoltaic is connected in analogue to the public-service corporation grid, so there is no cost for batteries or electrical storage. The 2nd premise is that the computations are based on NEREL US section of energy application and for a typical single-family place in Indiana.Statement of the MethodologyThe methodological analysis of this research will dwell of the undermentioned six stairss: foremost, choosing the counties that will be the sample size. The sample size will be selected harmonizing to the undermentioned process: The counties of Indiana will be organized harmonizing to the locations of the county, there are five regional could be used for forming the counties: North, E, West, cardinal, south cardinal, and south. Then, the alphabetical sorting will be used to form the counties in lists and ea ch list represents a geographical country. Then choosing three counties from each list: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The 2nd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each county by utilizing the nothing codification finders. After that, the geographical location for each nothing codification will be identified by utilizing the Google Earth application, which will assist in happening two of import variables: solar AZ solar height. The 4th measure is reaching professionals who work in the PV industry and place of import information about a typical PV system such as the size, monetary value, care, and equipment. Fifth, the location and the size parametric quantities will be used as inputs for the PV Watt application. This application will give the expected public presentation and electricity that could be produced from the typical size of a PV system. Finally, the informations that gained from the PV Watt applications and other will be inserted into the excel application to make the analysis. Charts will be created to sum up the consequences of the survey.Definitions of the Key FootingsManagement: Management is the act of forming people to accomplish certain ends. Henri Fayol, who developed a theory of Management Science, believes that the most of import activities of direction are calculating, planning, forming, commanding, organizing and commanding ( Fayol, 1917 ) . Technology: The International Network for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises or INSME defined engineering as â€Å" a human invention in action that involves the coevals of cognition and processes to develop systems that solve jobs and widen human capablenesss † ( 2003 ) . In other words, engineering is any procedure that can better the human cognition and be used to work out jobs by doing life easier. Technology Management: it is the scientific discipline that focuses on puting technological tools in pull offing aids to actuate inventions. Renewable energy: Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. PV cell: It is a solar cell that absorbs the Sun visible radiation. It is the most of import portion in a PV system. Each cell consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff ; one bed has a negative charge and the other positive. PV panel: It is a solar panel consists of sets of PV cells that are connected together. It is besides known as PV solar faculty. PV array: PV array is portion of PV solar system. It is a solar array that consists of sets of PV panels or faculties that are connected together in series or in parallel. PV system: A solar system designed to absorb the Sun visible radiation and change over it to electricity. It consists of sets of PV arrays or faculties, which connected to other equipment such as electric inverter or raking systems. The PV system maps as a individual electricity bring forthing unit. Solar Azimuth: The section of energy defined the solar AZ as â€Å" the angle between the Sun ‘s evident place in the sky and true South, as measured on a horizontal plane † . Solar Altitude: The section of energy defined the solar height as â€Å" the angle between to the skyline and the centre of the solar phonograph record. † The American Meteorological Society defined this construct as † The angle of the Sun 90 grades or less above the skyline. † Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) : It is the rate that is used in capital budgeting to mensurate the viability and profitableness of a undertaking. It will assist determination shapers make the right determination toward specific concern undertaking. Payback period: it is the period that is required to return back the money that is invested as portion capital to get down a concern undertaking. It assists directors and determination shapers to do the right determinations toward puting their money in a concern undertaking. Cash flow: it is an of import construct in the technology economic sciences scientific discipline, it is the procedure of placing the money motion in or out of a concern undertaking. Indiana State: it is a U.S province located in the Midwest part. The population of the province is 6,516,922. Harmonizing to Rural Policy Research Institute, there are 77.7 % of Indiana occupants populating in metropolitan counties, 16.5 % life in micropolitan counties and 5.9 % life in non-core counties.Chapter Two: A REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATUREOverviewThis chapter aims to reexamine and clear up some of import constructs sing the renewable energy and the solar PV systems. This chapter besides provides a theoretical footing for the research and helps the reader to find the nature of the research. In add-on, this chapter will supply in deepness reappraisal for old research surveies that are related to fiscal ratings for PV systems at different locations in the universe.Renewable Energy:Renewable energy is energy which can be produced by utilizing natural resources such as sunshine, air current, rain, waterfalls, rivers, and geothermic heat. The resources for the renewable energy are continually and sustainably replenished and those resources are available all over the universe but there is a demand for engineerings to utilize these resources efficaciously. The function for any engineering in this filed is to capture the renewable energy and change over it from specific signifier of power to another. For illustration, the Sun can be used to bring forth solar energy, which will be used for warming, chilling, and illuming. Wind energy is captured by air current turbines and turned into electricity. Harmonizing to the Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC ) , there are five chief resources for renewable energy: Wind energy: the power that is generated from the air current. Solar energy: the power that is generated from the Sun. Biomass energy: the power that is generated from Plant stuffs, such as wood, maize, and soy. Biogas energy: the power that is generated from the carnal waste. Geothermal energy: the power that is generated from the reservoirs of steam and hot H2O beneath the Earth ‘s surface. The undermentioned map is the renewable energy map, which shows the bing installations for the renewable energy in the United States. Using renewable energy is of import because it has many benefits and advantages. These benefits can be summarized by four of import points: Environment Friendly: the renewable power is a clean beginning of energy that has no impact on the environment comparing to other energy resources. Sustainability: the renewable power is continually and sustainably replenished. It will non run out but other beginnings of energy are finite and someday will be consumed. Energy Security: utilizing the renewable energy beginnings will cut down the demand for importing oil from other states and it will increase the autonomy in energy production of a state. Making occupations: occupations will be created by puting money in constructing renewable energy engineering which will assist states in salvaging money that could be used in making occupation alternatively of directing it abroad to purchase fuel.Photovoltaic ( PV ) systemsThe word photovoltaic consists of two words â€Å" exposure † , which is a Grecian word means light and â€Å" Gur † , which refers to bring forth electricity. The PV systems are systems use solar panels to absorb the sunshine energy and change over it to electricity. These systems give the chance for people to bring forth electricity in clean, quiet and dependable manner. It besides named as solar cells systems because it uses sun visible radiation as the beginning for bring forthing electricity. The undermentioned image is one illustration for the PV system.PV system ComponentThere are two of import constituents for any PV system, these constituents are: PV panels ( faculties ) and AC/DC power conve rtor or inverter. A PV system may include other constituent such as battery, solar tracker, interconnectedness wiring, and a racking system that holds the solar panels. PV panel consist of set PV cells, which consists of at least two beds of semiconducting material stuff. One bed has a negative charge and the other positive. A group of connected solar panels or faculties is called a solar array. The inverter is an electrical power convertor that changes direct current ( DC ) the beginning to jumping current ( AC ) the finish. The DC is the solar panel in a PV system. The undermentioned image explains the difference between cell, faculty, and array parts of a PV system. The undermentioned image summarizes the most of import constituents for a PV system.The manner a PV system plantsThe undermentioned four stairss explain the manner that a PV system works: When the Sun visible radiation strikes the PV cell, the photons of the Sun visible radiation are absorbed by the atoms of the semiconducting material stuff. Chemical reactions release negatrons because negatrons negatively charged. The chemical reaction will bring forth electricity because the free negatrons will travel from the cell ‘s negative bed to an external circuit and back to the positive bed. This flow of negatrons green goodss electric current. The inverter will reassign the DC electric that is produced by the PV cells to AC that is traveling to be consumed by family demands. More electricity can be produced by increasing the figure of PV cells and panels that are connected to the PV system. When two panels are connected together in series, the electromotive force is maximized to the doubled while the current electric corsets constant. When two panels are connected in analogue, the current electric is maximized to the doubled but the electromotive force stays changeless. The undermentioned diagram explains procedure of bring forthing electricity from a PV system.The types of PV systems:PV systems can be classified depending on several factors. These factors may include: the systems application, operational demands, component constellations, and the manner that equipment is connected to power beginnings and electrical tonss. There are two chief types of solar PV systems: standalone off-grid and grid-connected or grid-tied solar PV systems. The undermentioned account for each type: Stand-alone off-grid PV system: this system is designed to work independently and non connected to electricity grid. This system needs battery bank to hive away the electricity, which is produced by the PV system. This system is largely being used in countries that the electricity grid is far off. The undermentioned figure demonstrates the off-grid PV system. Grid-connected PV systems: this system designed to work in analogue with the electricity grid. This is the most cost effectual type because it does non required battery bank. The lone disadvantage for this type is that this system does non supply backup power during a power outage even if the Sun is reflecting but for sites with dependable grid power, this is normally the logical system pick. Since there is no battery bank, the electric public-service corporation shops the electricity that is produced by the PV system through a system called net-metering. The end of put ining this system is to cut down or extinguish the sum of electricity and power that a occupant would devour from the electric public-service corporation grid. If the system produces electricity more than the family needs, the excess sum of the electricity will be pushed back to the public-service corporation grid and the electric public-service corporation will pay the retail rate to the system proprietor. This type of PV systems will be used in this survey because it ‘s cost effectual. The undermentioned chart shows the grid-connected PV systems.Previous surveies sing put ining PV systemsIndiana State:It is province located at the United States of America located in the Midwest part of North America. The capital and the largest metropolis in the province is Indianapolis. The occupants of Indiana are called Hoosiers. The name of province means the Indian land. The entire country in Indiana State is 36,418 square stat mis. Harmonizing to National Atlas of the United States ( NAUS ) , Indiana is the 38th largest size in the U.S. The province has a maximal E to west dimension of 145 stat mis and a maximal dimension North to South of 250 stat mis. Michigan State is located on the northern boundary lines of the province, Ohio State located on the E, and Illinois State is located on the west boundary line of the State. The State of Indiana has a humid conditions, with cool winters and warm summ ers. Indiana is divided into 92 counties. As of 2010, there are 16 metropolitan, 25 micropolitan, 117 integrated metropoliss, and 450 towns. Indianapolis is largest metropolis and it is the capital of the State. The metropoliss with populations larger than 55,000 are: Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, Evansville, South Bend, Carmel, Bloomington, A Hammond, Gary, Fishers, Muncie, Lafayette, Terre Haute, Anderson. As of July 1, 2011, the population of Indiana is 6,516,922. The power production at Indiana State chiefly produced via coal. There are 24 coal power workss in the province, including the Gibson Generating Station, which is the largest coal power works in the United States. Indiana State ranked the highest rate of S dioxide emanations in the United States because of the coal power works that are located in the province. The determination shapers in Indiana State have made valuable attempts to increasing the usage of renewable energy such as air current, solar power, hydroelectric, or biomass, nevertheless, the advancement has been really slow because of the immense sum of the coal resource in Southern Indiana.Engineering economic sciences:It is a subset of the economic scientific discipline focal points on the viability of technology applications and applications. An of import construct in technology economic sciences is the clip value of money. There are assorted constructs of technology economic sciences will be used in this survey. The most of import is the hard currency flow construct, which is the money motion in or out of a undertaking. The hard currency flow will assist an proprietor of a concern identify the old ages that are needed to return the portion capital of the undertaking. Another of import construct will be used in this survey is the net present value construct, which is the value of a payment or series of payments made at other times.Renewable Energy Incentives:Renewable energy inducements are authorities plans that are created to supply fiscal motives for U.S occupants to develop and put in engineerings and undertakings for bring forthing and bring forthing renewable energy. These plans are of import for the U.S occupant because it facilitates the procedure of put ining a PV system by cut downing the disbursals of purchasing it. The State of Indiana offers a province belongings revenue enhancement tax write-off and a revenue enhancement tax write-off of up to $ 1000 for the installing of solar engineerings.Chapter THREE: Method OF INVESTIGATIONOverviewIn order to measure the fiscal feasibleness of typical residential PV systems in the province of Indiana, information for the 92 counties of Indiana State should be collected, evaluated, and analyzed through mathematical theoretical accounts and expressions. Arrested development theoretical accounts ( e.g. add itive and multiple ) will be used to develop a mathematical theoretical account to measure the cost-effectiveness of typical PV systems. This chapter defines and explains the processs employed, and specifies the lower limit demands that the survey must run into. Besides, in this chapter, there will be a description of the designing tools that were used in the survey.Description of the ProceduresCombinations of assorted informations aggregation methodological analysiss will be used in this survey, reexamining old surveies, questioning people from the PV industry, and recovering informations from the U.S. energy section web site. The information will be collected and analyzed through different applications such as SPSS, PV Calculator, and Microsoft Excel. Reviewing the old surveies will assist the research worker to understand the inside informations about PV engineerings and the best posing for put ining a typical PV system. The literature reappraisal methodological analysis helps the research worker in developing assorted inquiries that used in the interview procedure. The interview procedure will be conducted in three signifiers: face-to-face, over the phone, over the Internet. The interview helps the research worker gather informations from people work in the PV sector. It besides helps the research worker to be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and the monetary values for put ining a typical size of a PV system that is suited for typical individual household place in State of Indiana. The research worker will present himself, his background, and the research ends to the participant. After roll uping informations, the analysis procedure will get down. The different methods and applications will be used in the analysis of the collected information. Finally, the consequences of the analysis will assist the research worker in replying the survey inquiries.Description of Subjects and EquipmentsThe success of this survey depends on assorted tools and applications: Interview, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan, Microsoft Excel, PV Watt application, Zip Code Finder, and Google Map. The followers is a description for each of these: Interview: the research worker will carry on interviews with people work in the PV industry. The interviews will assist the research worker collect information about the monetary values of a typical PV system. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) plan: it is a computing machine plan built for statistical analysis intents. SPSS package helps research workers analyzing current state of affairss for specific state of affairss and calculating future tendencies. Besides, it is a tool used by directors to do right determinations about their merchandises and build assorted relationships between different factors. By utilizing this package, houses are able to direct and automatize determinations to run into concern ends and achieve mensurable competitory advantage. This package was helpful for this survey because it will be easy to analyse the information that will be collected from different beginnings and happen relationships between different variables. This application will enable the research worker to sum up the consequences and convert the consequences to artworks which will ease reading the consequences. Excel package or dispersed sheet: This is an application that developed by the Microsoft company. This application is used for computations, making in writing, programing, making statistical operationsaˆÂ ¦ etc. This tool is of import for this research because it will be used for ciphering of import constructs such as hard currency flow, net nowadays value, and internal rate of return. PV Watt application: it is an application developed by the U.S section of energy to â€Å" find the energy production and cost nest eggs of grid-connected photovoltaic ( PV ) energy systems throughout the universe. It allows householders, installers, makers, and research workers to easy develop estimations of the public presentation of conjectural PV installings † . This is the most of import application for this survey because it will be used to gauge the electricity that could be produced by a typical PV system. This application needs some parametric quantities, which will be identified through interviewing or bespeaking an on-line quotation mark from professional people who work in the PV industry. Google Map: it is an application developed by Google Company. It offers geographical information about topographic points locations. This application is of import to the survey because it will be used to place of import two variables: solar AZ and solar height. These variables will be used in the PV Watt application to gauge the power that could be produced through a typical size of a PV system. Zip codification finder: it is a general web application offered by many web sites to place the nothing codification of a specific country. This application will be used in the survey to place the nothing codifications for the counties of Indiana State.Research Design and ProceduresThe survey processs depend on the applications and the tools that described above. All of these applications are of import for finishing the survey and each one will be used to finish specific occupation. First, the counties of Indiana have been found though the Indiana authorities web site ( IN.gov ) . The following tabular array and figure sum up these counties. NorthA EastA WestA CentralA South Central SouthA Elkhart, Adams, Benton, Boone, Bartholomew, Clark, Fulton, Allen, Carroll, Clay, Hamilton, Brown, Crawford, Jasper, Blackford, Clinton, Hancock, Davy, Dubois, Kosciusko, Cass, De Fountain, Hendricks, Dearborn, Floyd, La Grange, Kalb, Montgomery, Johnson, Decatur, Gibson, Lake, Delaware, Newton, Marion, Franklin, Harrison, LaPorte, Fayette, Owen, Parke, Morgan, Greene, Orange, Marshall, Grant, Henry, Putnam, Shelby Jackson, Perry, Pike, Porter, Howard, Sullivan, Jefferson, Posey, Scott, Pulaski, St. Huntington, Tippecanoe, Jennings, Spencer, Joseph, Jay, Madison, Vermillion, Knox, Vanderburgh, Starke, Steuben Miami, Noble, Vigo, Warren, White Lawrence, Martin, Warrick, Washington Randolph, Monroe, Rush, Tipton, Ohio, Ripley, Union, Switzerland Wabash, Wayne, Wells, Whitley Second, the research worker will choose three counties form each geographical country to be the sample for this survey: one from the beginning of the list, one from the center of the list, and one from the terminal of the list. The selected northern counties are: Elkhart, Marshall, and Steuben. The selected Eastern counties are: Adams, Huntington and Whitley. The selected Western counties are: Benton, Owen and White. The selected Central counties are: Boone, Hendricks, and Shelby. The selected Southern Central counties are: Bartholomew, Jackson and Switzerland. Finally, the selected Southern counties are: Clark, Orange and Washington. The 3rd measure is happening the nothing codifications for each one of the selected counties. This has been done through the Zip codification Finder application. The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected northern counties.ZIP Codes functioning the county ofELKHART, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity46507 Bristol 46514 ELKHART 46515 ELKHART 46516 ELKHART 46517 ELKHART 46526 GOSHEN 46527 GOSHEN 46528 GOSHEN 46530 Farmer 46540 MIDDLEBURY 46542 MILFORD 46543 MILLERSBURG 46550 NAPPANEE 46553 NEW PARIS 46561 OSCEOLA 46567 Syracuse 46573 WAKARUSAZIP Codes functioning the county ofMARSHALL, IndianaZIP CodeCity46501 Argos 46504 Bourbon 46506 Bremen 46511 CULVER 46513 DONALDSON 46524 ETNA GREEN 46531 GROVERTOWN 46536 LAKEVILLE 46537 LAPAZ 46539 MENTONE 46550 NAPPANEE 46563 Plymouth 46570 TIPPECANOE 46572 TYNER 46574 WALKERTONZIP Codes functioning the county ofSTEUBEN, IndianaZIP CodeCity46703 Angola 46705 ASHLEY 46737 Fremont 46742 Hamilton 46747 Hudson 46761 LAGRANGE 46776 ORLAND 46779 PLEASANT LAKE The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Eastern counties:ZIP Codes functioning the county ofADAMS, IndianaZIP CodeCity46711 Bern 46714 BLUFFTON 46731 CRAIGVILLE 46733 Decatur 46740 Geneva 46745 Hoagland 46769 LINN GROVE 46772 Monroe 46773 MONROEVILLE 46777 OSSIAN 46780 PLEASANT MILLS 46782 PREBLE 47326 BRYANTZIP Codes functioning the county ofHUNTINGTON, IndianaZIP CodeCity46702 Andrews 46713 BIPPUS 46750 Huntington 46770 MARKLE 46783 Roanoke 46792 Warren 46940 LA FONTAINE 46991 VAN BURENZIP Codes functioning the county ofWHITLEY, IndianaZIP CodeCity46562 PIERCETON 46723 CHURUBUSCO 46725 COLUMBIA CITY 46764 LARWILL 46783 Roanoke 46787 SOUTH WHITLEY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Western counties:ZIP Codes functioning the county ofBENTON, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity47917 AMBIA 47921 Boswell 47942 EARL PARK 47944 Fowler 47948 GOODLAND 47970 OTTERBEIN 47971 Oxford 47975 PINE VILLAGE 47977 REMINGTON 47984 Talbot 47986 TEMPLETONZIP Codes functioning the county ofOWEN, IndianaZIP CodeCity46120 CLOVERDALE 46166 Paragon 47427 COAL CITY 47431 Freedom 47433 GOSPORT 47455 PATRICKSBURG 47456 Quincy 47459 SOLSBERRY 47460 Spencer 47471 WORTHINGTON 47833 Bowling GREEN 47868 PolandZIP Codes functioning the county ofWHITE, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity46978 ROYAL CENTER 46985 STAR CITY 47920 BATTLE GROUND 47923 BROOKSTON 47925 American bison 47926 BURNETTSVILLE 47929 CHALMERS 47950 IDAVILLE 47959 MONON 47960 MONTICELLO 47980 Reynolds 47995 WOLCOTT The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Central counties:ZIP Codes functioning the county ofBOONE, IndianaMap of CountyZIP CodeCity46035 COLFAX 46050 KIRKLIN 46052 LEBANON 46069 Sheridan 46071 THORNTOWN 46075 WHITESTOWN 46077 ZIONSVILLE 46102 Progress 46147 Jamestown 47968 NEW ROSSZIP Codes functioning the county ofHENDRICKS, IndianaZIP CodeCity46103 AMO 46112 BROWNSBURG 46113 CAMBY 46118 CLAYTON 46121 COATESVILLE 46122 DANVILLE 46123 Avon 46147 Jamestown 46149 LIZTON 46158 MOORESVILLE 46165 NORTH SALEM 46167 PITTSBORO 46168 PLAINFIELD 46180 STILESVILLE 46197 PLAINFIELD 46231 Indianapolis 46234 Indianapolis 47968 NEW ROSSZIP Codes functioning the county ofSHELBY, IndianaZIP CodeCity46110 BOGGSTOWN 46124 Edinburgh 46126 FAIRLAND 46130 FOUNTAINTOWN 46144 GWYNNEVILLE 46150 Manila 46161 Morristown 46162 NEEDHAM 46163 NEW PALESTINE 46176 SHELBYVILLE 46182 WALDRON 46259 Indianapolis 47234 FLAT ROCK 47272 Saint Paul The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern Central counties:ZIP Codes functioning the county ofBARTHOLOMEW, IndianaZIP CodeCity46124 Edinburgh 47201-47203 Columbus 47226 CLIFFORD 47232 ELIZABETHTOWN 47234 FLAT ROCK 47236 GRAMMER 47244 HARTSVILLE 47246 Hope 47247 JONESVILLE 47274 Seymour 47280 TAYLORSVILLE 47283 WESTPORTZIP Codes functioning the county ofJACKSON, IndianaZIP CodeCity47102 Austin 47220 BROWNSTOWN 47228 Cortland 47229 CROTHERSVILLE 47235 Freetown 47249 KURTZ 47260 MEDORA 47264 Norman 47274 Seymour 47281 VALLONIAZIP Codes functioning the county ofSWITZERLAND, IndianaZIP CodeCity47011 Bennington 47019 EAST ENTERPRISE 47020 Firenze 47038 Patriot 47043 VEVAY The undermentioned three tabular arraies summarize the nothing codifications for the selected Southern counties:ZIP Codes functioning the county ofCLARK, IndianaZIP CodeCity47104 Bethlehem 47106 BORDEN 47111 Charlestown 47119 FLOYDS KNOBS 47126 HENRYVILLE 47129 CLARKSVILLE 47130 JEFFERSONVILLE 47131 JEFFERSONVILLE 47132 JEFFERSONVILLE 47133 JEFFERSONVILLE 47134 JEFFERSONVILLE 47141 MARYSVILLE 47143 Memphis 47144 JEFFERSONVILLE 47147 NABB 47162 NEW WASHINGTON 47163 OTISCO 47172 SELLERSBURG 47177 Underbrush 47190 JEFFERSONVILLE 47199 JEFFERSONVILLEZIP Codes functioning the county ofORANGE, IndianaZIP CodeCity47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47118 English 47125 HARDINSBURG 47140 Marengo 47175 TASWELL 47432 FRENCH LICK 47452 Orleans 47454 PAOLI 47469 WEST BADEN SPRINGSZIP Codes functioning the county ofWASHINGTON, IndianaZIP CodeCity47106 BORDEN 47108 CAMPBELLSBURG 47120 Fredericksburg 47125 HARDINSBURG 47126 HENRYVILLE 47145 MILLTOWN 47164 Palmyra 47165 PEKIN 47167 Salem 47170 SCOTTSBURG 47281 VALLONIA The following measure is utilizing the Google Map will assist the research worker in happening the exact geographical place for each nothing codification. By happening the exact location for each county, the research worker will be able to happen solar power potency for each country. The 5th measure in the research methodological analysis is utilizing the PV Watt application, which is lunched by the section of energy, with the parametric quantities, which will be gotten from questioning the people who work in the PV industry. The parametric quantities are needed to cipher the expected produced energy from the typical PV system that has been built harmonizing to recommendation from professional people who work in the PV industry. Finally, the Microsoft Excel will be used for making the mathematical computation such as the IRR and NPR. The interview is besides of import for this survey because it will assist the research worker be familiar with the different types of the PV systems and with the monetary values of put ining a typical system for a typical individual household. The names of the makers, distributors, traders and service & A ; fix specializer have been taken from the electronic version of the xanthous book hypertext transfer protocol: //www.yellowpages.com. The research worker usage â€Å" Solar System † as a cardinal phrase for the hunt and Indiana has been selected as the location. Then, the consequences have been filtered by choosing three classs: Solar Energy Equipment & A ; Systems-Dealers. Solar Energy Equipment & A ; Systems-Service & A ; Repair. Solar Energy Equipment & A ; Systems-Manufacturers & A ; Distributors The following tabular array summarizes the name, type of concern, location and phone figure.ANameBusiness TypeCityTelephone1 Solar Energy Systems, LLC retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, distributer, electric public-service corporation Nappanee, Indiana USA 46550 ( 574 ) 773-0546 2 Bowen Engineering General Contractor Fishermans, Indiana USA 46038 317-842-2616 3 BPM Service Today Contractor Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-9388 4 Concept Beyond Tomorrow retail gross revenues Chesterton, Indiana USA 46304 219-929-1397 5 CoolSpell, LLC. retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-201-4435 6 Earth-SOLAR Technologies Corporation Photovoltaic Cell Manufacturer Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46202 317. 926. 7000 7 EcoSource Inc sweeping provider Columbus, Indiana USA 47201 812-342-7226 8 Estes Design & A ; Manufacturing, Inc. maker Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46229 317-899-2203 9 G-Tech Energy, Inc. retail gross revenues, site survey/assessment Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46220 317-627-3031 10 Green Options retail gross revenues Kokomo, Indiana USA 46902 765-480-4138 11 Greenworks Energy retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, importer, distributer, mfg Yorktown, Indiana USA 47396 877-365-POWER 12 Hoagland Electric Inc. Electrical Contracting, industrial, commercial, controls, forte Wayne, Indiana USA 46818 260-489-5990 13 Home Energy LLC retail gross revenues, contractor, sweeping provider Middlebury, Indiana USA 46540 ( 574 ) 825-4800 14 Hurshtown Alternative Power retail gross revenues, sweeping provider Grabill, Indiana USA 46741-9617 260-438-5250 15 Illiana Power Corporation Solar energy consulting, design & A ; installing Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47802 888-815-8023 16 Inovateus Solar LLC sweeping provider, distributer South Bend, Indiana USA 46637 574-485-1405 17 Mann Plumbing Inc MPI Solar retail gross revenues Bloomington, Indiana USA 47404 812-334-4003 ( 812 ) 327-8476 18 Morton Solar & A ; Wind, LLC Renewable Energy Products and Services Evansville, Indiana USA 47711 812-402-0900 19 Following Generation Resources, LLC retail gross revenues Grabill, Indiana USA 46741 260-437-6490 20 Phoenix Mechanical consulting, design, installing, contractor services Garrett, Indiana USA 46738 260-357-1930 21 Renewable Energy Systems, LLC design, installing, undertaking development services, contractor services Avilla, Indiana USA 46710 260-897-2450 22 Rescuer retail gross revenues, sweeping provider, exporter Indianapolis, Indiana USA 46239 317-465-8496 23 Solar Wind Energy Corporation design, installing, building, site study and appraisal services, contractor services, care and fix services Kendallville, Indiana USA 46755 260-347-8382 24 Southside Attic Solution retail gross revenues Greenwood, Indiana USA 46142 ( 317 ) 847-4546 25 SunRise Solar Inc maker, sweeping provider St. John, Indiana USA 46373 219-306-8163 26 SunWind Power Systems, Inc Solar and wind installing, design, and confer withing Floyds Knobs, Indiana USA 47119A27 Illiana Power Corporation Repeated Solar Energy Contracting Indianapolis & A ; Ft. Wayne & A ; South Bend & A ; Michigan City & A ; Indiana USA 46803 888-815-8023 28 One Planet Solar and Wind Inc. retail gross revenues Terre Haute, Indiana USA 47807 812-235-1380 29 Strong Tower Roofing & A ; Construction Installation, care Springville, IN 47462 ( 812 ) 797-0630 30 Lindley Heating & A ; Cooling Inc. retail gross revenues Pittsboro, IN 46167 ( 317 ) 892-6024 31 Midwest Solar Additions installing, design, and confer withing Hebron, IN 46341 ( 219 ) 996-7214 32 Ameresco Energy Servicess retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46240 ( 317 ) 816-0990 33 480v Solar installing, design, and confer withing Michigan City, IN 46360 ( 219 ) 879-5501 34 PrimeStar Solar Installation, care Indianapolis, IN 46229 ( 317 ) 899-3000 35 J J J Enterprises retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46221 ( 317 ) 856-4744 36 Yager Electric retail gross revenues Fort Wayne, IN 46818 ( 260 ) 710-2707 37 Solar Systems of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Bloomington, IN 47408 ( 812 ) 336-2785 38 Midwest Wind and Solar LLC installing, design, and confer withing Merrillville, IN 46411 ( 219 ) 714-2488 39 Solar Century of Indiana installing, design, and confer withing Indianapolis, IN 46201 ( 317 ) 546-5071 40 Fair & A ; Square Construction retail gross revenues, Installation Poland, IN 47868 ( 812 ) 821-0526 41 L & A ; S Electric Co Inc retail gross revenues, Installation Hammond, IN 46327 ( 219 ) 932-8504 42 Solar Electric Turbine Co installing, design, and confer withing Westfield, IN 46074 ( 317 ) 985-5685 43 Solar Energy Systems installing services Shipshewana, IN 46565 ( 260 ) 768-7275 44 Solartek Energy installing Jeffersonville, IN 47130 ( 812 ) 282-4601 45 Solar and Wind Wave Installation Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 641-4610 46 BP Solar installing, design, and confer withing Whitening, IN 46394 ( 219 ) 473-2867 47 Solar Tek Energy retail gross revenues Newburgh, IN 47630 ( 812 ) 853-5385 48 ERMCO, Inc. Electrical & A ; Communications Contractors retail gross revenues Indianapolis, IN 46217 ( 317 ) 780-2923 Nine inquiries will be asked for the PV representative. These inquiries divided into four classs: constituent and costs, public presentation, country and size, and care and life-time. The inquiries are: Component and costs: What are the major constituents in a grid connected photovoltaic system? How much does a typical Photovoltaics system cost, and on what footing is monetary value determined? Performance: How is the electrical public presentation of Photovoltaic faculties and arrays typically rated? What is the DC electrical end product of PV cells? How should a PV array be oriented for maximal energy production? ( What are the effects of leaning a PV array at lower or higher angles than the local latitude? ) What energy public presentation can be expected from a grid-connected PV system? The size of the systems How much surface country is required for put ining a PV array? How are grid-connected PV systems sized? Care and life clip What are typical care demands for PV systems? What is the expected life-time for a PV system?